Dementia: problem, risks, effects, and management

-
Image
I had met my classmate around 4 months back and informed her also about my mom's death. But in a recent email, she wrote to me that I had met her a couple of years back. She also enquired about my mom. Seeing her email, the first thought that came to my mind was: is she suffering from early dementia. I hope not. Maybe, she just forgot about the time that I had met her a few months back. Maybe because it was a hurried and surprise visit.  Nonetheless, dementia is on the rise. It affects people after 60 years of age. The increased life expectancy means that one will see more of such cases in the near future.  India has around 10 million dementia cases out of the world total of 57 million. This is a huge percentage. It affects not only an individual but the whole family. There is this individual who is physically okay but mentally absent. The person needs custodial care and it could turn out to be expensive. It is also emotionally disturbing to see your loved one in that state of...
Post a Comment

What is norovirus? What are it's symptoms and how to prevent it's infection?

-

 Norovirus, also called the winter vomiting bug causes a significant number of cases of gastroenteritis in the world. It causes, vomiting, loose motions, and gastric pain. Fever with or without headache might be present. Usually, dehydration is less but common in young, old, and those that have co-morbid conditions. 

Norovirus

The virus gets its name from Norwalk in Ohio where it was first reported in 1968. It is a non-enveloped virus and is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. RNA is around 7.5 kB long. The virus has an icosahedral structure.  It replicates cytoplasmically. It has 7 genogroups and several genotypes. Most infections are of genogroups GI and GII. Infectivity is high and just 5-20 viral particles can cause it. Transmission is person to person and through contaminated surfaces and food. Salad and shellfish are notorious to cause it.  Breathing aerolized particles can also cause infection. Viral shedding continues for a long time after symptoms subside. 

https://healthfitnessnwellnessblog.blogspot.com/2022/01/celibacy-is-higher-in-gen-z-reasons-and.html

Symptoms of the infection

Norovirus spreads by fecal-oral route. The symptoms arise 1/2 to 2 days after the virus enters the body. Symptoms that are predominantly noticed are vomiting, loose motions, and stomach pain. There may be fever and headache. If water intake is low due to any reason, it could cause dehydration. This is more common in extremes of age and patients with other associated health conditions. The infection is self limiting and lasts for a day to 3 days. 


Around the globe, annually 685 million cases of noroviral gut I section are reported. And 200k deaths occur per year due to it. It occurs in both developed and developing world. Cases and deaths are more in under 5 age group. It commonly occurs in winter and in outbreaks in overcrowded housing conditions. 

Diagnosis is by PCR which is reliable. ELIZA with antibodies has less sensitivity and specificity. Usually these tests are not available but done only during outbreaks. 

Treatment and prevention

No specific treatment exists. Drink lots of oral fluids. Intravenous fluids may be required in some. Antiemetic or antidiarrhoeal drugs are needed in some with excessive symptoms. 

Immunity lasts against the specific genotype of norovirus for 6 months to 2 years. Hand hygiene and decontamination of infected surfaces can help prevent infection. Alcohol-based sanitizers are not useful because the virus is not enveloped and alcohol acts only via disruption of the viral envelope. 


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Color therapy-the ancient art of healing! Know the science behind it and its current status!

-
Image
  Color as a form of therapy is not a new concept. In it, electromagnetic waves in the form of the visible spectrum (that we interpret as colors) are used to cure various body illnesses. It is an ancient mode of therapy that is being reinvented. There are attempts to elucidate its scientific basis and explanation. This would help to explore and discover newer dimensions of this old remedy. Color therapy (Chromotherapy) Newton talked about solid matter and moving objects while Einstein found out that mass and energy are dual expressions of the same universal substance. It is the vibration rate of its molecules that determines its form. When slow, it is physical matter and when the vibrations are intense it is energy. Thus, light is an energy and when it interacts with matter, color is formed. Each color has its own wavelength, frequency, and energy level. And human eye is adapted to see only this energy that has a wavelength between 380-780 nm. This is therefore, the visible spe...
Read more

Loneliness is a growing epidemic especially during this coronavirus pandemic in the USA!

-
Image
  The coronavirus pandemic has increased social segregation and this has proven to be bad particularly for the elderly population. They are unable to catch up with their children and grandchildren and are finding themselves extremely lonely. They are the worst affected by the pandemic in terms of physical as well as emotional health. THE OLD AGE AND LONELINESS Old age is a time of loneliness for many people. Usually, people have lost their partners at that ripe age and depend on their children and grandchildren for support and to beat the loneliness. Though their younger family members used to occasionally visit the parents, now with the coronavirus pandemic this has become difficult due to the risk of the children carrying the infection to their aged parents and grandparents. So the visits have come down drastically and the contact remains only on phone or via digital technology. This though good does not suffice and cannot substitute the physical visits and the warmth that th...
Read more

Small wounds on your dog-causes, symptoms and treatment explained!

-
Image
Most of the dogs that are kept as pets are extremely active and move in and out of the house. Only celebrity dogs or those whose owners are extremely wealthy lead a lavish life. The others due to their outdoor or sometimes even indoor activities might suffer some minor wounds. These should not be left unattended and need to be addressed immediately. These can be in the form of small cuts, scratches, or even bites. So how to take care of these small wounds on your dog pets?  Dogs and the causes of wounds Many times, your pet dogs might suffer some small wounds, cuts, and scratches. Dogs like children and play around with them. In the process, they might hurt themselves which is natural. This may be in the garden or lawns or while running around the trees or even while jumping.  Dogs and wounds [Source: Pinterest] The dog may also be playing around with another canine or cat in the house or outside and ends up getting a bite from them. At times, a dog walk through rough terrain ...
Read more